KAZI NAZRUL UNIVERSITY B.SC GENERIC/PROGRAM WITH PHYSICS-SEMESTER-IV

 KAZI NAZRUL UNIVERSITY


B.SC GENERIC/PROGRAM
SEMESTER-IV
SYLLABUS-
WAVES AND OPTICS (Theory + LAB.) [Credits: 06]
Theory - 45 Lectures [Marks:50]

Superposition of Collinear Harmonic oscillations: 
Linearity and Superposition Principle. Superposition of two collinear oscillations having (1) equal frequencies and(2) different frequencies (Beats). Superposition of N collinear Harmonic Oscillations with (1) equal phase differences and (2) equal frequency differences. (5 Lectures)
Superposition of two perpendicular Harmonic Oscillations: 
Graphical and AnalyticalMethods. Lissajous Figures (1:1 and 1:2) and their uses. (2 Lectures)
Wave Motion: 
Plane and Spherical Waves. Longitudinal and Transverse Waves. Plane Progressive (Travelling) Waves. Wave Equation. Particle and Wave Velocities.Differential Equation. Pressure of a Longitudinal Wave. Energy Transport. Intensity of Wave. Water Waves: Ripple and Gravity Waves. (4 Lectures)
Interference of light waves
Young’s experiment; spatial and temporal coherence; intensity distribution; Fresnel’s biprism, interferencein thin film; fringes of equal inclination and equal thickness; Newton’s ring. Michelson’s interferometer, Multiple beam interference – reflected and transmitted pattern. Fabry-Perot interferometer. (9 Lectures)
Diffraction of light waves
Fresnel and Fraunhofer class, Fresnel’s half period zones; explanation of rectilinear propagation of light;zone plate. Fraunhofer diffraction due to a single slit, double slit and circular aperture (qualitative). Planediffraction grating (transmission). Rayleigh criterion of resolution; resolving power of prism, telescope,microscope and transmission grating. (10 Lectures)
Polarisation
Different states of polarisation; double refraction, Huygen’s construction for uniaxial crystals; polaroidsand their uses.Production and analysis of plane, circularly and elliptically polarised light by retardation plates androtatory polarisation and optical activity; Fresnel’s explanation of optical activity; Biquartz and half shadepolarimeter. (6 Lectures)

Wave Optics Laboratory [Marks: 50]
1. To verify the law of Malus for plane polarized light.
2. To determine the specific rotation of sugar solution using Polarimeter.
3. To analyze elliptically polarized Light by using a Babinet’s compensator.
4. Determination of angle of prism and to determine refractive index of the Material of a prism using sodium source.
5. To determine the dispersive power and Cauchy constants of the material of a prism using mercury source.
6. To determine wavelength of sodium light using Fresnel Biprism.
7. To determine wavelength of sodium light using Newton’s Rings.
8. To determine wavelength of (1) Na source and (2) spectral lines of Hg source using plane diffraction grating.

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