Nuclear Physics -Important Questions

                                            Nuclear Physics


  1. Show that nuclear density is independent of mass number.

  2. Explain the following- a) Electric quadrupole moment of a nucleus b) Magnetic moment of nucleus c) Orbital angular momentum of the nucleus d) Parity

  3. Explain the terms- mass defect, packing fraction, binding energy of a nucleus and binding energy per nucleon. Draw and explain the variation of packing fraction with mass number.

  4. Discuss graphically the variation of average binding energy per nucleon with mass number and stability of the nucleus. Using the binding energy curve, explain nuclear fusion and nuclear fission.

  5. What  do you mean by nuclear forces? State the properties of nuclear forces.

  6. Give the main assumptions of the liquid drop model of the nucleus. State the semi-empirical formula of Weizacker. Show the graph of binding energy per nucleon as the sum of volume, surface, coulomb and symmetry energies.

  7. Stating the main assumptions explain the shell model of the nucleus. Discuss its limitations.

  8. What are magic number nuclei? How does the shell model explain the existence of magic numbers 2, 8, 20 and 28 only?

  9. a) What is meant by range of ∝-particle? On what factors does it depend?

b) Write a short note on Geiger-Nuttal law and discuss its importance.

  1. What is β- decay? Show that the law of conservation of energy and momentum are not obeyed in  β- decay.

  2. Discuss various conservation laws in nuclear reactions with illustrative examples.

  3. Define Q-value of a nuclear reaction. Derive an expression for it.

  4. Define and explain the terms nuclear reaction cross-section and differential cross section.

  5. What do you mean by nuclear transmutation? Give examples of nuclear transmutation reactions using charged particles, neutrons and photons.

  6. a) Describe the principle construction and working of a cyclotron. Discuss its limitations.

b) Can we accelerate neutrons by a cyclotron? Can a cyclotron be used to accelerate electrons? If not, why?

  1. What is a betatron? Briefly describe its principle, construction and function.

  2. What are cosmic rays? What are primary and secondary cosmic rays? Explain the effect of altitude on the intensity of cosmic rays.

  3. What are leptons? Name any three leptons and their anti-particles. Discuss the properties of leptons in brief.

  4. Give an account of the production properties and modes of decay of pions.

  5. Write down the hyperons, their decay reactions and general properties.

  6. What are Baryons? State their properties. Give two examples.

  7. Discuss the various types of interactions between the elementary particles giving their characteristics.

  8. State and explain with examples the conservation laws which govern the elementary particle reactions and decay.

  9. What are strange particles? State CPT theorem.

  10. What are quarks? Give the quark model of i) mesons ii) protons and anti-protons iii) neutrons and anti-neutrons. What is a charmed quark?

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